HOUSE CONSTRUCTION | MISTAKES THAT PEOPLE MAKE

You’re on the verge of building your dream home and you’ve thought about all aspects. You have envisioned the layout of your house and know exactly what you want to have in your home. You have collected a lot of information on buildings from the net and from the exhibitions on building products and materials, Interiors, etc, You must have discussed with friends and relatives who have already constructed houses about their experiences, you have asked them for referrals of Contractors, Draughtsmen, Architects etc. 

However despite all this meticulous planning, in my experience as an Architect, I have seen clients inevitably make mistakes. Some of the commonest mistakes people make are listed here. It is worthwhile to go through this checklist before you actually start "House Construction".

Poor Preparation: When planning your home you should think ahead into the future and take your lifestyle and habits into consideration. Will your family be expanding? Will you need to accommodate safety features for new or young children? Or will your children be leaving the nest?  Do you need to think of your requirements later in life as you reach retirement age and beyond? Do you entertain often and host overnight guests regularly? How long do you plan on staying in this home? Take your time and do your research both online and with experienced persons before you meet the professionals. You can get some ideas from my post on 'Preparing the project brief'

Hiring a Contractor without hiring an Architect: Many times, I have come across clients who believe that an Architect can be dispensed with, but
a Building Contractor is necessary as it is he, who will actually give shape to your ‘dream’ house and obviously has a lot of practical knowledge and experience in building matters. You also wrongly believe that, with all the preparation and information You have gathered, there is no way you will be fooled and that you will be able to complete the construction well within your budget and on time. But the truth unfortunately, is that, most people unwittingly make a mistake by giving the job to the Contractor without hiring an architect to cross-check on the quality and cost of the Building Construction. Also very often, though the Contractor helps you in getting a 'plan' of your dream house, the source is not very clear – it may not even be designed by a qualified Architect.

Self-designing:  People go to schools and colleges to learn how to design and then spend years getting
real world experience in all the subtleties and nuances of space and ergonomics. If you think that you can just draw it on a napkin or envelope, and get a great design, you are wrong. Many people find out while living in the home, that they were wrong about so many things such as off centered windows, wrong door swings, miscalculated stairwell head room and space for stairs etc. So get an Architect on board and save yourself from life-long compromises in living in a badly designed home.
 
Poorly lit homes:  Natural light should be the main source of light. Windows should be present in every room and should be large. Think about adding skylights if natural light is not sufficient. Light fixtures and outlets should also be plentiful. Do not compromise on this aspect, just to save some money because a badly-lit house can be downright unhealthy. See my posts on Vastu Shastra and Lighting.

Poor ventilation:  Ventilation is also an important aspect of a well-designed housePoor ventilation can cause the rooms to be stuffy, hot in summer and cold in winter. There will be stale, unhealthy air trapped in such houses and there can be stagnant
moisturewhich can cause terrible mold growth that can affect your health. So make sure your window placements ensure cross-ventilation and constant flow of fresh air through your house. Also, the right placement of the rooms can ensure good flow of air. Read my posts on Vastu Shastra.

Poor placement of rooms:  This is a very personal decision and depends on the way you use rooms. Ideally, the bedrooms should be far away from from the central living areas which are noisy. The dining room should be at the same level and near the kitchen, etc. If the rooms are not placed according to the way you live, the house can be uncomfortable to live in. You can get some ideas from my post on designing a house.
Under-utilized rooms: Include rooms that you will surely use. The addition of a playroom, game room or multipurpose room sounds enticing, but only do so if it is going to be used. Often an unused room becomes a dumping ground for things that never get used. If you plan on adding an extra room, make sure that it can transition from one type to another. For example, a family room can alternate as a guest room.  

Losing Enthusiasm: Often I see many clients start your 'house construction'  with a lot of optimism and enthusiasm but ultimately get overwhelmed by the many possibilities, choices and unexpected delays. You may believe that you know exactly what you want, but the number of options available confuses you and causes 'burn out'. 
It is better to request the architect to recommend 3 or 4 high-mid to high quality alternatives to each item so that the selection becomes easier. The post on Choices may help you be better prepared.

Cutting Corners: Remember the saying “the cheap person invariably pays the most”. Hidden cost, cheap materials, weird techniques all end up costing you more in the long run. Some contractors use ch
eaper, duplicate products that look like authentic products to raise their profit margin. This is where an  Architect can help save your precious money. He can easily detect duplicate material, bad workmanship, poor finishing and get the Contractor to redo such work. 
 
Architects, Engineers and Contractors are all trained to help you make effective decisions in your 'house construction'. They will help guide you as to where you can save money and where you absolutely should not cut corners. So please make use of them. You have to pay more for their services, but believe me, in the long run you will actually save money and get food value for your home. I speak from experience.

To know more about the different stages involved in the construction of a house, go to:

VAASTU SHASTRA

Vaastu Shastra, a sanskrit word meaning science of architecture and construction is an ancient Indian science developed thousands of years ago by ancient Indian sages. 

Vaastu Shastra has been practiced for centuries and lays down guidelines to create old architectural wonders like temples, palaces, monuments etc. 


Vaastu is derived from the sanskrit word ‘vasathi’ which means ‘comfort’. Comfort is related to the right proportion and positioning of the five elements agni=fire, vaayu=air, vaari=water, prithvi=earth and akash=sky in our surroundings. The complex interplay of the above elements along with the eight directions (E, W, N, S, NE, SE, SW, NW) can profoundly influence the lives of the people living or working in the premises either positively or negatively.

Shastra is the sanskrit word for ‘science’ and stands for the principles and guidelines laid down for the construction of a building. Therefore, Vaastu shastra is the science of arranging the above-mentioned elements in their respective places so that they are in harmony which in turn will make the lives of the inmates happy and peaceful. 

The fundamental principle of Vastu Shastra is to add ‘Value to the Life of man’ staying in a building by bringing about harmony between man, nature and the built environment. So, buildings designed according to Vastu guidelines are believed to vibrate with Universal Positive Energy and create a feeling of ‘contentment and well-being’ for the occupants whereas the improper positioning of rooms with respect to the elements causes imbalance in the equilibrium of the energy in the house.

Vaastu Shastra, has its roots extended in Indian Philosophy, maths, geology, geography, religion and takes into account, factors influencing a Site, such as topography, roads, structures around, Sun’s effects, Earth’s magnetic field, cardinal directions, Earth’s energy fields and elements of Nature.

The subject of Vaastu Shastra has been discussed under the following categories:


HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA



Today, with the easy availability of housing loans, with better and competitive professional services, with innumerable building materials and products in the market and with ample information on the net, house construction in India seems like a walk in the park!

But in reality, constructing a house in India  or anywhere for that matter can pose its own challenges in terms of varying cost, lack of knowledge, risks involved etc.


Construction is a science and has been practised for ages but it is one aspect that is not documented well enough. In this blog I, a Bangalore based architect want to share with you some invaluable tips, ideas and advice from the experience that I have acquired. I hope to clear all your doubts and misconceptions and make the process of construction interesting, smooth, hassle free and enjoyable. 

The Construction of a House involves the stages listed here. To make it simpler, I have classified the stages under these sub-categories:

STAGES BEFORE THE START OF CONSTRUCTION:
STAGES AT THE START OF CONSTRUCTION:
STAGES DURING THE HOUSE CONSTRUCTION: 
MATERIAL SELECTION:
  • Selecting wood
  • Doors and windows 
  • Bathrooms
  • Kitchen
  • Flooring Materials
  • Railing and Gate
  • Water Tank
STAGES AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HOUSE:
  • Electric Meters
  • Connecting to services
  • Interiors

DESIGNING A HOUSE

A house has many rooms like bedroom, dining room, living room, kitchen, study room and bathrooms. There are many things to consider when designing a house. Generally, people expect personalised designs based on their needs, tastes and budget which will make them happy and comfortable. 

Here are some tips on designing a house and the rooms of a house.



    VAASTU SHASTRA FACTORS


    VAASTU SHASTRA FACTORS - 
    Vaastu Shastra takes into account environmental factors that affect man and his buildings, in laying down guidelines for the design of buildings, so that man can benefit from the positive and useful effects of these factors and is protected from their harmful and negative effects. The environmental factors and their effects on man and his buildings have been explained here:


    Vastu Shastra lays down fundamental principles of Architecture that should be followed in designing, so as to ensure a beautiful, aesthetic, proportionate, comfortable sized and well oriented building. These fundamental principles are explained here:


    DESIGN DRAWINGS

    A designer’s principal language is through his drawings. These drawings help the client to understand what the designer has in mind. These drawings include plans to explain the horizontal layout, elevations to explain the external vertical view and 3-d images that give an almost realistic perspective. The drawings that are normally given by an Architect to explain his design ideas are described here.

    These drawings will help you to interpret Design of a house better.
     

    VAASTU SHASTRA PRINCIPLES

    FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF VAASTU SHASTRA 

    Vaastu Shastra lays down fundamental principles of Architecture that should be followed in designing, so as to ensure a beautiful, aesthetic, proportionate, comfortable sized and well oriented building. These fundamental principles are explained here:




    The Selection of Site is an important consideration since the plot represents a ‘fixed form’ which radiates positive as well as negative energy depending on its, location, shape, orientation, slope and soil condition. The Vastu guidelines for selecting the ‘right’ Site are explained here:



    BEDROOM FURNITURE


    A bedroom is one of the most important rooms, since it is such a personal room and homeowners spend a lot of time there. An uncomfortable bedroom means un-restful sleep and even a general feeling of disharmony.

    The main furniture in a Bedroom include the Beds, bedside tables,  dressing tables, closets and sometimes TV unit.



    NATURAL MATERIALS FOR FLOORS

    NATURAL MATERIALS FOR FLOORS: These include naturally occurring materials like Marble, Granite, Kota, Slate, Wood etc
    MARBLE FLOOR: Marble provides elegance, beauty and luxury to a room and therefore is best suited in residences. But  it is avoided in large commercial areas and heavily trafficked areas because it scratches and stains easily.

    GRANITE FLOOR: Granite is hard, doesn’t easily scratch and is stain-resistant making it suited for residences and commercial areas. But it is expensive.

    KOTA STONE FLOOR: Kota stone is hard and strong, economical and non-slippery when rough, making it useful in exteriors and high traffic areas. When polished, Kota takes a shiny finish and so is suitable for interiors. But it scratches easily.

    SLATE FLOOR: Slate is highly durable, water resistant, stain resistant and hence suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.But it is grey and dull.

    HARDWOOD FLOOR: Hardwood flooring consists of real wooden blocks that are laid in desired patterns and fixed with hot glue. It is used in homes as it is elegant, charming, long-lasting and provides a warm look. Because of it's acoustic qualities, it is also commonly used in auditoriums, dance halls, gymnasium floors etc. But it is high maintenance and expensive.

    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING A SITE

    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES ON SELECTION OF SITE -

    The Selection of a Site is very important in Vaastu Shastra, since the Site represents a fixed form that will radiate positive as well as negative energies depending on its location, orientation, shape, slope and soil quality. Therefore, these are the 5 important aspects to be considered when selecting a Site.


    Vastu Shastra lays down guidelines on the ‘design of the House’  so that the inmates get maximum benefit of  the natural elements like the Sun, wind, Air, etc. 



    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING A HOUSE


    VAASTU SHASTRA FOR INTERIORS OF A HOUSE Vaastu Shastra lays down guidelines on the 'design of the Interior of a House'  so that the inmates get maximum benefit of  the natural elements like the Sun, wind, Air, etc. The Vaatu Guidelines for the interior rooms of a House are explained here:
    VAASTU SHASTRA FOR EXTERIORS OF A HOUSE: Vaastu Shastra lays down guidelines on the 'design of the Exterior of a House'  so that the inmates get maximum benefit of  the natural elements like the Sun, wind, Air, etc. The Vaastu guidelines for the Exterior of a House are explained here:
    Vastu Shastra lays down guidelines for the Construction of a House, right from the rituals to be done before the start of construction, the preparation for the construction to the actual step-by-step construction of the House. These Vaastu guidelines have been explained here:


    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A HOUSE

    VAASTU GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION STEP BY STEP - Vaastu Shastra lays down guidelines for the Construction of a House, right from the rituals to be done before the start of construction, the preparation for the construction to the actual step-by-step construction of the House. These Vaastu guidelines have been explained here:



    VAASTU GUIDELINES BEFORE START OF CONSTRUCTION:
    VAASTU GUIDELINES | STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE :
    Vaastu Shastra can be applied to buildings other than houses. The Vaastu guidelines for Apartments have been explained here:



    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES FOR APARTMENTS

    VAASTU SHASTRA | OTHER BUILDINGS -  

    Vaastu Shastra can be applied to other types of buildings such as apartments, hospitals, schools, office buildings, factories. The guidelines are very similar to those for houses. But a few differences are there and they have been explained here.





    MAN-MADE MATERIALS FOR FLOORS

    MAN MADE MATERIALS FOR FLOORS: These are generally cheaper, more durable, less-maintenance and quicker to lay than natural materials. However, as a manufactured product they do not have the natural textures or patterns and the sheen of natural materials. 

    CONCRETE FLOOR: Concrete slab floors that are not covered with another material are gaining popularity in retail stores and other commercial buildings since they provide a low-cost yet highly durable flooring surface. But they do not have the luxurious elegance of natural flooring materials. 

    TERRAZZO (MOSAIC) FLOOR: Terrazzo tiles consist of marble, quartz, granite, glass or other suitable chips held together by a binder. This flooring is not very expensive, is highly durable and not slippery. Therefore, it is popular in residential as well as public buildings. But it is has many grout lines.

    CRAZY MARBLE FLOOR: In this type of flooring, waste and cut marble and stone pieces are laid on a cement concrete base that consists of white cement-marble powder mixture. Crazy marble flooring is durable, not slippery and economical making it suitable for driveways, courtyards, verandah etc., but does not look very elegant inside houses.

    CERAMIC TILES FLOOR: Ceramic tiles create a durable surface that is easy to clean, resists stains and scratches and doesn’t fade. Since they are affordable, low-maintenance, available in various sizes, colours, shapes and can easily match with the decor of any room, they  are popular in homes.

    VITRIFIED TILES FLOOR: Vitrified tiles have very low porosity (and water absorption), making them stain-resistant and stronger and more durable than Ceramic tiles. Therefore they are fast replacing ceramic tiles and are a cheaper alternative to marble and granite flooring.

    ENGINEERED WOOD FLOOR
    : Engineered wood is a cheaper alternative to hardwood flooring and is very popular nowadays because it shrinks and expands less than solid wood, can be installed in a short time and comes pre-finished.


    LAMINATE FLOOR: Laminate flooring is a multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together with a lamination process. It simulates wood or stone with a photographic applique layer under a clear protective layer. 








    FLOORS | LAMINATE

    Laminate flooring is a multi-layer, synthetic flooring product composed of melamine resin, fiber board material and an outer, photographic, applique layer that simulates wood. It is a recent innovation and has become a popular alternative to hardwood or engineered wood flooring as it is versatile, easy to maintain, and reasonably priced.

    Here, I have described the characteristics of hardwood floor along with my rating. The overall rating will help you compare Laminate flooring with other floor options.

    Composition: It is a synthetic material and not comparable to natural products like solid hardwood floors.

    Occurrence: Laminate is man-made. * 6

    Physical Characteristics: Laminate is not as strong as solid hardwood floors or engineered wood floor. *6

    Seamless flooring: Laminate has a seamless appearance and can simulate the look of hardwood, stone, or brick perfectly. * 8

    Porosity: Laminate has a protective, clear layer and is partially impenetrable to water. * 7

    Scratches: Laminate is not as durable and scratch resistant as Engineered wood. * 6

    Stains: Laminate is stain-resistant. *7

    Choices: More range of colours, patterns, textures is available in Laminate than in solid hardwood. *8

    Cost: Laminate is cheaper than  solid hardwood floors or Marble and Granite. * 8

    Maintenance: Laminate is easy to maintain because of the protective layer and shiny surface. *8


    Green rating: Engineered wood is not a green option and environmentalists have expressed concerns that harmful, volatile, organic chemicals may be released in the room . * 6

    OVERALL RATING OF ENGINEERED WOOD:  * 7.0
    ADVANTAGES OF LAMINATED WOOD FLOOR:
    Convenient Packaging: Unlike  solid hardwood, laminate planks are sold in convenient 4 foot strips or in tile form in varying sizes.

    Versatility: Laminate flooring can simulate the look of different natural hardwoods, natural stones and ceramic flooring materials.

    Easy to clean: The laminate floor has a protective surface that is easy to clean and maintain.

    Installation: of a laminate floor is very easy - just roll down a sheet or snap the planks or tiles of the floor into one another.

    Change existing floor: Laminate flooring can be installed over any existing floor without having to remove the old flooring.

    Does not fade: Laminate flooring is resistant to UV light and does not  fade easily.

    Anti allergen: Unlike carpet, laminate flooring is allergen-free.

    Allows for expansion: Laminate flooring is not stuck directly to the sub-floor, instead all the pieces of the floor are interlocked which allows it to expand or contract, due to changes in pressure and temperature, without buckling.

    Acclimatisation: Laminates do not nee acclimatisation, unlike solid hardwood which needs 3-6 weeks to acclimatise to the temperature and pressure of the area.

    DISADVANTAGES OF LAMINATED WOOD FLOOR:

    Refinishing: Laminate floors cannot be refinished as it has a single wear layer.

    Sound: Walking on laminate floors produces a hollow, fake sound, quite unlike the sound of natural solid hardwood.

    Unnatural Feel: While laminate can simulate the look of hardwood, stone, or brick perfectly, the material feels different.

    Hard: Laminate flooring is quite hard and unyielding under foot.

    Environmental Concerns: There are concerns that laminate materials release volatile organic chemicals that can have harmful effects on the room air quality.

    Lifespan: The life span of a laminate floor is definitely less than most other flooring options especially if it is a cheaper brand.

    SUITABILTY OF LAMINATE:

    Laminate flooring has become very popular because it is easier to install, costs less, is reasonably durable and hygienic. However, it is made of plastic (melamine resin) and is less durable than engineered wood flooring, with a lifespan of less than five years. In comparison linoleum lasts longer and costs much less.

    For information on other types of floors, go to:


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    VAASTU SHASTRA GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING A HOUSE

    VAASTU SHASTRA FOR INTERIORS OF A HOUSE :  Vaastu Shastra lays down guidelines on the 'design of the Interior of a House'  so th...